{"id":248532,"date":"2021-10-06T08:00:19","date_gmt":"2021-10-06T06:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pastori-kollegen.de\/?p=248532"},"modified":"2024-08-29T11:54:34","modified_gmt":"2024-08-29T09:54:34","slug":"smart-working-obblighi-del-datore-alla-luce-del-dpcm-del-3-novembre-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pastori-kollegen.de\/it\/smart-working-obblighi-del-datore-alla-luce-del-dpcm-del-3-novembre-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Smart working: Obblighi del dato\u00adre alla luce del DPCM del 3 Novembre 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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L\u2019art. 5 co.6 del DPCM del 3 nov 2020 rac\u00adco\u00adman\u00adda \u201cfor\u00adte\u00admen\u00adte\u201d ai dato\u00adri di lavoro pri\u00adva\u00adto, il ricor\u00adso allo smart working, restan\u00addo escluse, per ovvie ragio\u00adni, le atti\u00advi\u00adt\u00e0 che per carat\u00adteristi\u00adche pro\u00adprie, devo\u00adno neces\u00adsa\u00adria\u00admen\u00adte svol\u00adger\u00adsi pres\u00adso il luo\u00adgo di lavoro. La disci\u00adpli\u00adna giuri\u00addi\u00adca rin\u00adve\u00adni\u00adbi\u00adle anzi\u00adtutto all\u2019art. 2087 cod. civ. impo\u00adne al dato\u00adre di lavoro di adotta\u00adre qual\u00adsi\u00ada\u00adsi misu\u00adra uti\u00adle a pre\u00adve\u00adni\u00adre sia i rischi insi\u00adti nel luo\u00adgo di svol\u00adgi\u00admen\u00adto del\u00adle man\u00adsio\u00adni sia i rischi ester\u00adni con\u00adne\u00ads\u00adsi al luo\u00adgo di lavoro. Il dato\u00adre di lavoro \u00e8 responsa\u00adbi\u00adle dei rischi pro\u00adfes\u00adsio\u00adna\u00adli pro\u00adpri del\u00adla par\u00adti\u00adco\u00adla\u00adre atti\u00advi\u00adt\u00e0 e di quel\u00adli impro\u00adpri, affe\u00adren\u00adti lo svol\u00adgi\u00admen\u00adto del\u00adla pres\u00adta\u00adzio\u00adne lavo\u00adra\u00adti\u00adva.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Il rischio con\u00adne\u00ads\u00adso all\u2019esecuzione del\u00adla man\u00adsio\u00adne pu\u00f2 deri\u00adva\u00adre dal nume\u00adro ele\u00adva\u00adto di per\u00adso\u00adne pre\u00adsen\u00adti sul luo\u00adgo di lavoro non\u00adch\u00e9 dall\u2019uso di mez\u00adzi pubbli\u00adci di tras\u00adpor\u00adto qual\u00ado\u00adra fos\u00adse indis\u00adpensa\u00adbi\u00adle per il rag\u00adgi\u00adungi\u00admen\u00adto del pos\u00adto di lavoro. Tra i per\u00adi\u00adco\u00adli rav\u00advi\u00adsa\u00adbi\u00adli in \u201cocca\u00adsio\u00adne del lavoro\u201d, infat\u00adti, sono ricom\u00adpre\u00adsi quel\u00adli deri\u00advan\u00adti dal\u00adle atti\u00advi\u00adt\u00e0 com\u00adple\u00admen\u00adta\u00adri ed access\u00adorie in rap\u00adpor\u00adto di occa\u00adsio\u00adna\u00adli\u00adt\u00e0 neces\u00adsa\u00adria con essa. Duran\u00adte l\u2019emergenza in atto, in ragio\u00adne del\u00adla qua\u00adle \u00e8 sta\u00adta imple\u00admen\u00adta\u00adta la logi\u00adca del\u00adla rare\u00adfa\u00adzio\u00adne del\u00adle pre\u00adsen\u00adze sui pos\u00adti di lavo\u00adri, assu\u00adme ancor pi\u00f9 rile\u00advanza il rischio gener\u00adi\u00adco deri\u00advan\u00adte dall\u2019utilizzo dei mez\u00adzi pubbli\u00adci di tras\u00adpor\u00adto, che muta in \u201crischio gener\u00adi\u00adco aggrava\u00adto\u201d, a cui il prest\u00ada\u00adto\u00adre \u00e8 espos\u00adto in ragio\u00adne del\u00adla neces\u00adsi\u00adt\u00e0 di ese\u00adgui\u00adre \u201cin pre\u00adsen\u00adza\u201d la pro\u00adpria pres\u00adta\u00adzio\u00adne. Da tem\u00adpo, la giuris\u00adpru\u00adden\u00adza di legit\u00adti\u00admi\u00adt\u00e0 ha ela\u00adbo\u00adra\u00adto il prin\u00adci\u00adpio per cui \u00e8 rile\u00advan\u00adte in ogni caso lo \u201csco\u00adpo\u201d del\u00adlo spos\u00adta\u00admen\u00adto del lavora\u00adto\u00adre, a pre\u00adsc\u00adin\u00adde\u00adre dal mez\u00adzo (pubbli\u00adco o pri\u00adva\u00adto) di tras\u00adpor\u00adto e dal\u00adla stra\u00adda per\u00adcor\u00adsa. A tal pro\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adto \u00e8 uti\u00adle fare rif\u00ade\u00adri\u00admen\u00adto alla Nota alla sen\u00adten\u00adza del\u00adla Cor\u00adte Supre\u00adma di Cas\u00adsa\u00adzio\u00adne n. 5063\/2000, ela\u00adbora\u00adta dal prof. Mar\u00adco Gam\u00adbac\u00adcia\u00adni secon\u00addo cui \u201c (\u2026) ogni\u00adqual\u00advol\u00adta l\u2019utilizzo del\u00adla pubbli\u00adca stra\u00adda sia impos\u00adto dal\u00adla mera neces\u00adsi\u00adt\u00e0 di rag\u00adgi\u00adunge\u00adre il pos\u00adto di lavoro si con\u00adfi\u00adgu\u00adra un rap\u00adpor\u00adto fina\u00adli\u00adsti\u00adco- stru\u00admen\u00adta\u00adle tra l\u2019attivit\u00e0 di spos\u00adta\u00admen\u00adto e quella lavo\u00adra\u00adti\u00adva, che non richie\u00adde alcu\u00adna valu\u00adta\u00adzio\u00adne ulte\u00adrio\u00adre sul\u00adle moda\u00adli\u00adt\u00e0 e le cir\u00adcos\u00adtan\u00adze dell\u2019 even\u00adto infor\u00adtu\u00adni\u00adsti\u00adco in s\u00e9 con\u00adside\u00adra\u00adto \u201d[1] Con\u00adse\u00adguen\u00adte\u00admen\u00adte, pur non essen\u00addo rin\u00adve\u00adni\u00adbi\u00adle nell\u2019art. 5 del DPCM 3 nov 2020, alcun obbli\u00adgo a cari\u00adco del dato\u00adre, potreb\u00adbe\u00adro sor\u00adge\u00adre pro\u00adble\u00admi qual\u00ado\u00adra il prest\u00ada\u00adto\u00adre si amma\u00adlas\u00adse sul luo\u00adgo di lavoro ed agis\u00adse giudi\u00adzi\u00adal\u00admen\u00adte. Infat\u00adti, per accer\u00adta\u00adre un esonero di responsa\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adt\u00e0, dif\u00adfi\u00adci\u00adlm\u00aden\u00adte sareb\u00adbe suf\u00adfi\u00adci\u00aden\u00adte la pro\u00adva, da par\u00adte dato\u00adria\u00adle, di aver adotta\u00adto all\u2019interno dell\u2019unit\u00e0 pro\u00addut\u00adti\u00adva tut\u00adti i pro\u00adto\u00adcol\u00adli di sicu\u00adrez\u00adza impos\u00adti dal\u00adla emer\u00adgen\u00adza epi\u00adde\u00admio\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00adca da COVID \u2013 19. L\u2019obbligo di tutel\u00ada\u00adre le con\u00addi\u00adzio\u00adni del lavoro, gra\u00advan\u00adte sul dato\u00adre di lavoro, com\u00adpor\u00adta la mes\u00adsa in atto da par\u00adte sua, di tut\u00adte le misu\u00adre, anche orga\u00adniz\u00adza\u00adti\u00adve, al fine di sal\u00adva\u00adguar\u00adda\u00adre l\u2019incolumit\u00e0 dei prest\u00ada\u00adto\u00adri. Un\u2019organizzazione \u201ctotal\u00admen\u00adte in pre\u00adsen\u00adza\u201d del ciclo pro\u00addut\u00adtivo potreb\u00adbe deno\u00adta\u00adre una ina\u00adde\u00adgua\u00adtez\u00adza del\u00adle tute\u00adle adotta\u00adte se non addi\u00adrit\u00adtu\u00adra com\u00adport\u00adare una vio\u00adla\u00adzio\u00adne del\u00adle rac\u00adco\u00adman\u00adda\u00adzio\u00adni dira\u00adma\u00adte e degli obblighi di sicu\u00adrez\u00adza. Il prin\u00adci\u00adpio di diritto defi\u00adni\u00adto del\u00adla giuris\u00adpru\u00adden\u00adza di legit\u00adti\u00admi\u00adt\u00e0 por\u00adta a con\u00adfi\u00adgura\u00adre una responsa\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adt\u00e0 in capo al dato\u00adre ogni\u00adqual\u00advol\u00adta si veri\u00adfi\u00adcas\u00adse l\u2019evento dan\u00adno\u00adso a cau\u00adsa del\u00adla man\u00adca\u00adta attua\u00adzio\u00adne di nor\u00adme di caut\u00adela deri\u00advan\u00adti da pre\u00adscri\u00adzio\u00adni di leg\u00adge o gene\u00adri\u00adca\u00admen\u00adte dedu\u00adci\u00adbi\u00adli dal\u00adle rego\u00adle con\u00adsuetu\u00addi\u00adna\u00adrie di pru\u00adden\u00adza, peri\u00adzia e dili\u00adgen\u00adza pre\u00adte\u00adse dal caso con\u00adcre\u00adto. La responsa\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adt\u00e0 dato\u00adria\u00adle si fon\u00adda, quin\u00addi, sul\u00adla vio\u00adla\u00adzio\u00adne di obblighi di com\u00adpor\u00adta\u00admen\u00adto a tutela del\u00adle con\u00addi\u00adzio\u00adni di lavoro impos\u00adti dal\u00adla leg\u00adge o dal\u00adla tec\u00adni\u00adca, pur\u00adch\u00e9 con\u00adcre\u00adta\u00admen\u00adte sin\u00adte\u00adtiz\u00adza\u00adte, rela\u00adtiv\u00ada\u00admen\u00adte alla spe\u00adci\u00adfi\u00adca attivit\u00e0.[2] Anche di recen\u00adte, la Cor\u00adte di Cas\u00adsa\u00adzio\u00adne ha riba\u00addi\u00adto il con\u00adcet\u00adto per cui : \u201c l\u2019articolo 2087 cod. civ. non con\u00adfi\u00adgu\u00adra, infat\u00adti, un\u2019ipotesi di responsa\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adt\u00e0 ogget\u00adti\u00adva, essen\u00addo\u00adne ele\u00admen\u00adto cos\u00adti\u00adtu\u00adtivo la col\u00adpa, inte\u00adsa qua\u00adle difet\u00adto di dili\u00adgen\u00adza nella pre\u00addis\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adzio\u00adne del\u00adle misu\u00adre ido\u00adnee a pre\u00adve\u00adni\u00adre ragio\u00adni di dan\u00adno per il lavora\u00adto\u00adre. N\u00e9 pu\u00f2 desu\u00admer\u00adsi dall\u2019indicata dis\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adzio\u00adne un obbli\u00adgo asso\u00adlu\u00adto in capo al dato\u00adre di lavoro di ris\u00adpet\u00adta\u00adre ogni caut\u00adela pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adle e diret\u00adta ad evi\u00adt\u00adare qual\u00adsi\u00ada\u00adsi dan\u00adno al fine di garan\u00adti\u00adre cos\u00ec un ambi\u00aden\u00adte di lavoro a \u201crischio zero\u201d, quan\u00addo di per s\u00e9 il per\u00adi\u00adco\u00adlo di una lavo\u00adr\u00ada\u00adzio\u00adne o di un\u2019attrezzatura non sia eli\u00admina\u00adbi\u00adle, nean\u00adche poten\u00addo\u00adsi ragio\u00adne\u00advol\u00admen\u00adte pre\u00adten\u00adde\u00adre l\u2019adozione di stru\u00admen\u00adti atti a front\u00adeggia\u00adre qual\u00adsi\u00ada\u00adsi eve\u00adni\u00aden\u00adza che sia fon\u00adte di per\u00adi\u00adco\u00adlo per l\u2019integrit\u00e0 psi\u00adco-fisi\u00adca del lavora\u00adto\u00adre, ci\u00f2 in quan\u00adto, ove appli\u00adca\u00adbi\u00adle, avreb\u00adbe come con\u00adse\u00adguen\u00adza l\u2019ascrivibilit\u00e0 al dato\u00adre di lavoro di qualun\u00adque even\u00adto lesi\u00advo, pur se impre\u00adve\u00addi\u00adbi\u00adle ed ine\u00advi\u00adta\u00adbi\u00adle [\u2026]; non si pu\u00f2 auto\u00adma\u00adti\u00adca\u00admen\u00adte pre\u00adsup\u00adporre, dal sem\u00adpli\u00adce veri\u00adfi\u00adcar\u00adsi del dan\u00adno, l\u2019inadeguatezza del\u00adle misu\u00adre di pro\u00adte\u00adzio\u00adne adotta\u00adte, ma \u00e8 neces\u00adsa\u00adrio, piut\u00adtosto, che la lesio\u00adne del bene tutela\u00adto deri\u00advi cau\u00adsal\u00admen\u00adte dal\u00adla vio\u00adla\u00adzio\u00adne di deter\u00admi\u00adna\u00adti obblighi di com\u00adpor\u00adta\u00admen\u00adto impos\u00adti dal\u00adla leg\u00adge o sug\u00adge\u00adri\u00adti dal\u00adle cono\u00adscen\u00adze spe\u00adri\u00admen\u00adta\u00adli o tec\u00adni\u00adche in rela\u00adzio\u00adne al lavoro svol\u00adto\u201d (Cor\u00adte di Cas\u00adsa\u00adzio\u00adne, Sez. Lav. sent. n.3282\/2020). Se \u00e8 con\u00adso\u00adli\u00adda\u00adto il prin\u00adci\u00adpio in base al qua\u00adle non si pu\u00f2, dal sem\u00adpli\u00adce veri\u00adfi\u00adcar\u00adsi del dan\u00adno auto\u00adma\u00adti\u00adca\u00admen\u00adte pre\u00adsup\u00adporre l\u2019inadeguatezza del\u00adle misu\u00adre di con\u00adten\u00adimen\u00adto adotta\u00adte, va sot\u00adto\u00adli\u00adnea\u00adto, tut\u00adta\u00advia, come il dato\u00adre di lavoro deb\u00adba ottem\u00adpe\u00adr\u00ada\u00adre a deter\u00admi\u00adna\u00adti obblighi deri\u00advan\u00adti dal\u00adla leg\u00adge e alle rac\u00adco\u00adman\u00adda\u00adzio\u00adni ido\u00adnee a ridur\u00adre il con\u00adta\u00adgio. Ed invero, l\u2019art. 1 co. 14 del Decre\u00adto Leg\u00adge n. 33\/2020 pre\u00adscri\u00adve che le atti\u00advi\u00adt\u00e0 eco\u00adno\u00admic\u00adhe deb\u00adba\u00adno svol\u00adger\u00adsi ris\u00adpett\u00adan\u00addo il con\u00adten\u00aduto dei pro\u00adto\u00adcol\u00adli e del\u00adle linee gui\u00adda fina\u00adliz\u00adza\u00adte a pre\u00adve\u00adni\u00adre o ridur\u00adre il con\u00adta\u00adgio da Sars Cov \u2013 2. Il Pro\u00adto\u00adcol\u00adlo con\u00addi\u00advi\u00adso di rego\u00adla\u00admen\u00adta\u00adzio\u00adne del\u00adle misu\u00adre per il con\u00adtrasto e il con\u00adten\u00adimen\u00adto del\u00adla dif\u00adfu\u00adsio\u00adne del virus Covid-19 rac\u00adco\u00adman\u00adda il mas\u00adsi\u00admo uti\u00adliz\u00adzo, da par\u00adte del\u00adle impre\u00adse, del lavoro agi\u00adle. Nel caso in cui la pres\u00adta\u00adzio\u00adne \u201cagi\u00adle\u201d risul\u00adtas\u00adse impos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adle a cau\u00adsa di caren\u00adze stru\u00admen\u00adta\u00adli (es con\u00adne\u00ads\u00adsio\u00adne inter\u00adnet, pc e tablet ecc), in for\u00adza del prin\u00adci\u00adpio sopra espos\u00adto, il dato\u00adre di lavoro \u00e8 ten\u00aduto a sop\u00adper\u00adi\u00adre a tali man\u00adcan\u00adze orga\u00adniz\u00adza\u00adti\u00adve for\u00adnen\u00addo gli stru\u00admen\u00adti infor\u00adma\u00adti\u00adci al fine di con\u00adsen\u00adti\u00adre lo svol\u00adgi\u00admen\u00adto del\u00adla pres\u00adta\u00adzio\u00adne lavo\u00adra\u00adti\u00adva da casa. Anche se il prest\u00ada\u00adto\u00adre avanz\u00adas\u00adse richies\u00adta di svol\u00adgi\u00admen\u00adto del\u00adle pro\u00adprie pres\u00adta\u00adzio\u00adni \u201cin pre\u00adsen\u00adza\u201d, il dato\u00adre di lavoro potreb\u00adbe (e dov\u00adreb\u00adbe) rifi\u00adut\u00adar\u00adla, atteso che il pote\u00adre orga\u00adniz\u00adza\u00adtivo e ges\u00adtio\u00adna\u00adle del rap\u00adpor\u00adto di lavoro \u00e8 pre\u00adro\u00adga\u00adti\u00adva dato\u00adria\u00adle. Ne deri\u00adva che, il dato\u00adre di lavoro attra\u00adver\u00adso l\u2019esercizio del pro\u00adprio pote\u00adre diret\u00adtivo e di con\u00adtrol\u00adlo, deve evi\u00adt\u00adare che il lavora\u00adto\u00adre si espon\u00adga a per\u00adi\u00adco\u00adli deri\u00advan\u00adti da cond\u00adot\u00adte negli\u00adgen\u00adti ed impru\u00adden\u00adti, impo\u00adstan\u00addo lo svol\u00adgi\u00admen\u00adto dell\u2019attivit\u00e0 in manie\u00adra ido\u00adnea a pre\u00adve\u00adni\u00adre even\u00adti lesi\u00advi, avu\u00adto riguar\u00addo anche alle ordi\u00adna\u00adrie rego\u00adle di pru\u00adden\u00adza impos\u00adte dal\u00adla emer\u00adgen\u00adza epidemiologica.[3] Una istan\u00adza in ques\u00adto sen\u00adso del lavora\u00adto\u00adre non com\u00adport\u00ader\u00adeb\u00adbe una dimi\u00adnu\u00adzi\u00ado\u00adne del\u00adle responsa\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adt\u00e0 del dato\u00adre, nel caso in cui il pri\u00admo contraes\u00adse sul luo\u00adgo di lavoro l\u2019infezione da Sars Cov \u2013 2 e deci\u00addes\u00adse di adire le vie lega\u00adli. Con\u00adse\u00adguen\u00adte\u00admen\u00adte, la pre\u00advi\u00adsio\u00adne di cui all\u2019art. 5 co.6 del DPCM del 3 nov 2020 pare con\u00adfi\u00adgur\u00adar\u00adsi come qual\u00adco\u00adsa di pi\u00f9 che una \u201crac\u00adco\u00adman\u00adda\u00adzio\u00adne\u201d. <\/p>

\n\n[1] M. GAMBACCIANI, L\u2019infortunio in itin\u00ade\u00adre dall\u2019interpretazione giuris\u00adpru\u00adden\u00adzia\u00adle alla recen\u00adte disci\u00adpli\u00adna legis\u00adla\u00adti\u00adva, Nota a Cas\u00adsa\u00adzio\u00adne 18 aprile 2000, n. 5063, in Dir. lav., par\u00adte II, 425 segg., 433 <\/p>

\n\n[2] Cfr Cass Civ. sent. 14066\/2019) <\/p>

\n\n[3] Cfr Cass. Civ sent. n. 24798\/2016; Cass. Civ. Sent. n. 1994\/2012\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019art. 5 co.6 del DPCM del 3 nov 2020 rac\u00adco\u00adman\u00adda \u201cfor\u00adte\u00admen\u00adte\u201d ai dato\u00adri di lavoro pri\u00adva\u00adto, il ricor\u00adso allo smart working, restan\u00addo escluse, per ovvie ragio\u00adni, le atti\u00advi\u00adt\u00e0 che per carat\u00adteristi\u00adche pro\u00adprie, devo\u00adno neces\u00adsa\u00adria\u00admen\u00adte svol\u00adger\u00adsi pres\u00adso il luo\u00adgo di lavoro. La disci\u00adpli\u00adna giuri\u00addi\u00adca rin\u00adve\u00adni\u00adbi\u00adle anzi\u00adtutto all\u2019art. 2087 cod. civ. impo\u00adne al dato\u00adre di lavoro di [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[165],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-248532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-diritto-del-lavoro"],"yoast_head":"\nSmart working: Obblighi del datore alla luce del DPCM del 3 Novembre 2020 - Pastori & Kollegen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019art. 5 co.6 del DPCM del 3 nov 2020 raccomanda \u201cfortemente\u201d ai datori di lavoro privato, il ricorso allo smart working, restando escluse, per ovvie ragioni, le attivit\u00e0 che per caratteristiche proprie, devono necessariamente svolgersi presso il luogo di lavoro. 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